Improvement in processes for the manufacture of lime and cement



U. cvmm'mes.

PROCESS FOR THEMANUFACTURE 0F LIME AND CEMENT.

No.18ZA19. Patented Sept. 19, 1816'.

WITNESSES MK) ATTDBIIEYS.

N,PTER5, PHOTO-LITMOGRAFHER, WASHINGTQN, D C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OF URIAH CUMMINGS, OF BUFFALO, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO HIMSELF,

LEWIS J.BENNETT, AND WILLIAM W.-PIEROE, OF SAME PLAOE.

IMPROVEMENT IN PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF LIME AND CEMENT.

' Specificationforming part of Letters Patent No.1824l9, dated September 19, 1876; application filed 1 V June 30, 1876.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, URIAH CUMMINGS, of Buffalo, in the county of Erie and State of New York, have invented a new and Improved Process for the Manufacture of Lime and Cement 5 and I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawing, forming part of this specification, in which the figure represents an apparatus designed for carrying out my invention.

The invention consists in a new process of burning lime or cement in a furnace by injecting a carbonized air-spray upon the stone after it has reached a red heat, and subsequently at a white heat, as hereinafter described.

A is an ordinary lime-kiln, having the furnacexB, which is somewhat modified, to adapt them to'my improvement. 0 O are nozzles consisting of an internal and .externaf'pipe, the

internal one, a, being connected witha reser voir, '1), containing petroleum or other liquid fuel, and the larger or external one, b, being of such size as to leave a liberal space around the internal pipe, which is lined with fire-brick B, and is connected by a pipe witha blower, E,or other air-forcing apparatus. A suitable cock, 0, is put in the pipe at to control the supply of liquid fuel. A cock, d, is placed in the pipe I) to regulate the air-blast. The reservoir Dis placed in an elevated position, so that the natural gravity of the liquid will carry it into the nozzle 0; or it may be placed in such a position that it will require steam-pressure, or a pump, or other artificial means to'force it through the nozzle 0.

If fuel is used which is semi-fluid, and which will not flow at an ordinary temperature, the

pipe which connects the reservoir D with the nozzle 0 should be placed in the walls of the kiln, so near the shaft or flue that it may receive sufficient heat to cause it to flow readily.

The lnanuer of burning lime or cement under my improvement may be described as follows: The cupolaA is filled with lime or cenient stone. The reservoirs l) are filled with petroleum or other liquid fuel; a fireiskindled in the furnaces B, near the nozzles O. The cocks c are adjusted to admit the required amount of fuel to the nozzles, and the cooks d are opened to admit the air-blast, which, in

its passage through the nozzle, takes the liquid fuel as it comes from the pipe at, mingles with it, and drives it into the furnace in, the form of spray. This carbonized air is thusinjected in the form of spray upon the stone after it has reached a red heat, and afterward continued, completely filling the chamber of the furnace. The hot limestonereflects the heat backupou the slanting fire-brick walls, and the air, made combustible by the admixed carbon, produces the finest and cheapest flame yet known. Soon after the process is begun the brick lining of the furnace becomes incaudescent, and the supply of fuel is augmented. A vast volume of flame is projected against and among the stones which fill the kiln, causing them to become quickly and perfectly calcined.

- The process of filling the kiln and removing the calcined lime from the base of the cupola does not differ from the ordinary practice. Any hydrocarbon, such as crude petroleum, coal-tar, 850., may be used, the cheapest being preferred.

If too much heat is applied, the stone isvitrified and reduced to a worthless condition, and if too little heat is employed the product is no better than when it entered the'kiln; and, besides this,-the quality of the lime is deteriorated by the action of the sulphurous gas which emanates from the coal, and is injured by the admixture of ashes which are drawn into the cupola. When wood is used as fuel these difficulties exist to a certain extent.v

The objections above alluded toare obviated by my improvement, as the heat is abso lutely controllable, making it possible to produce and maintain a greater or less amount of heat at pleasure. This is very important,

- as without a well-regulated heat, which is proportioned to the materials in hand, the product will be inferior.

which injure the quality of the lime or cement. By my process no smoke or ashes are produced.

In addition to the advantages already mentioned, one of the greatest is that a kiln working under my improvement has double the capacity of those working in the ordinary way,

being the result of a uniform temperature and the peculiar action of the flame created by the FIoE.

The fuel which I em-f ploy is free from sulphur or creosote, both of v combustion of hydrocarbon, urged by a blast of air.

Iam aware that liquid fuel has been employed for boilers and other purposes, and that a mixture of air and steam has been used in conjunction with the liquid; but they have failed hitherto to produce any satisfactory resteam, however, under a perfect combustion,

I find that the heat is too intense, and exercises a deleterious influence upon cement and lime, as well as destroys rapidly the furnacebrick.

In other uses it is probable that this high heat may not be objectionable.

By using air alone, with the perfect combustion obtained, a good red heat is obtained,

just sufficieut in degree to make a very fine article of lime or cement, and that will only glaze the furnace-brick, causing them to be very durable.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new is-- In the process of manufacturing lime or cement, the injection of a carbonized air-spray directly upon the stone at a red heat, and sub- 'sequently, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

, URIAH CUMMINGS. Witnesses:

L. J. BENNETT, WM. W. PIERCE. 

